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The efficacy of TESSYS technique in treating the far lateral lumbar disc herniation was analyzed retrospectively.From June 2017 to June 2019, 11 patients with far lateral lumbar disc herniation underwent surgery were selected as F group, and 13 patients with central or paracentral lumbar disc herniation were selected as L group, regardless of gender, with the age of 51-66 yr.Preoperative selective nerve root block was performed under the guidance of ultrasound to determine the diseased disc, and then discectomy was performed using TESSYS technique in both groups.Pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale score at l day before surgery and 3 days and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.Patient′s function was assessed by using the Oswestry Disability Index at l day before surgery and 6 months after surgery.The therapeutic effect was evaluated using the modified Macnab criteria at 6 months after surgery.Compared with group L, no significant change was found in Visual Analogue Scale scores at each time point after surgery, Oswestry Disability Index scores at 6 months after surgery, and Macnab outcome grade at 6 months after surgery in group F ( P>0.05). In conclusion, TESSY technique can be used to treat the far lateral lumbar disc herniation.
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Objective@#To access the influence of voice disorders on children′s voice-related quality of life through the parental version of pediatric voice handicap index (pVHI).@*Methods@#From April 2017 to March 2018, a total of 192 children with voice disorders (dysphonic group) and 111 children without voice disorders (control group) were enrolled in this work. Parents of children in both groups were asked for fill out the questionnaire containing the parental version of pVHI and the data of non-normal distribution were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman test was used for correlation analysis.@*Results@#(1)Vocal cord nodule was the most common voice disorder in children, and boys were more susceptible to voice disorder than girls in this study (70.3%(135/192) vs 29.7%(57/192)). (2)The most common voice abuse or misuse habit was "Shouting loudly". (3)In dysphonic group, the scores of function, physiology, emotion and total were higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). (4)In dysphonic group, there was a weak correlation between the parents′ overall evaluation of the children′s voice status and the three dimensions of the parental version of pVHI (function: r=0.339, physiology: r=0.334, emotion: r=0.208, all P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#Voice disorders can cause a negative impact on children′s quality of life. Parental version of pVHI can be used to assess the voice-related quality of life in children with voice disorders.
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Objective To explore the changes of whole brain white matter ( WM) structural net-work topological property in patients with schizophrenia (SP) and the associations between WM networks to-pological efficiency and clinical variables in patients. Methods Deterministic tractography was used to con-struct the WM networks of 59 patients with SP ( patients group) and 41 age-, handedness-, and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs),and graph theoretical methods were applied to investigate abnormalities in the global and nodal properties of the WM network in these patients. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between global and nodal properties of the WM network and clinical variables in pa-tients with SP. Results Both the patients with SP and HCs showed small-world organization of the WM net-works. However,compared with HCs,the patients with SP exhibited significant abnormal global topology,in-cluding increased shortest path length ( t=7. 95, P=0. 0001) and decreased global efficiency ( 30. 83 ± 16. 08,8. 25±6. 13,t=-9. 81,P=0. 002),clustering coefficiency (0. 03±0. 01,0. 02±0. 01,t=-4. 48,P=0. 0003),the average clustering coefficiency (t=-8. 28,P=0. 002),the small-worldness (3. 92±0. 79,2. 79 ±0. 56,t=-7. 82,P=0. 001) of their WM structural networks(all P<0. 005,FDR corrected). Further,the patients with SP showed a reduction in nodal efficiency predominately in the cingulate gyrus ( t=-4. 11, P=0. 000),superior occipital gyrus ( t=-6. 05, P=0. 002), superior temporal gyrus ( t=-10. 46, P=0. 001),middle temporal gyrus (t=-10. 38,P=0. 000),thalamus (t=-6. 10,P=0. 000) and putamen ( t=-8. 38,P=0. 000) (P<0. 005,FDR corrected). Partial correlation results showed that there was no signifi-cant correlation between global topological properties,node efficiency and clinical symptoms in patients group (Eglob:r=-0. 14,P=0. 279;Eloc:r=-0. 06,P=0. 628;Lp:r=0. 28,P=0. 031;Cp:r=0. 27,P=0. 043;λ:r=-0. 18,P=0. 166;γ:r=-0. 29,P=0. 026;σ:r=0. 26,P=0. 048;nEglob:r=0. 36,P=0. 005;nEloc:r=0. 02,P=0. 901). Conclusions The patients with SP exhibit the abnormal of whole brain WM structural network topological property and the node efficiencies of cortico-striato-thalamo circuitry are significantly re-duced.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of PAD bundle in mechanically ventilated patients for preventing delirium. Methods Two hundred and forty three patients with mechanical ventilation who were admitted in ICU from January 2015 to February 2018 were divided into two groups according to the method of random number table. The patients in the control group(120 cases) received routine nursing care. The patients in the experimental group(123 cases) received the PAD bundle on the basis of routine nursing care. The scores of Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire(RCSQ), the doses of sedatives and analgesics, incidence of delirium, duration of delirium, ventilator time, ICU length of stay and the 28-day ICU mortality were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of delirium, duration of delirium, ventilator time, ICU length of stay was 23.58％(29/123), (2.83±1.20) d, (153.07±55.61) d, (7.88± 2.89) d in the experimental group, 40.00％(48/120), (4.02 ± 1.99) d, (170.90 ± 63.51) d, (10.13 ± 3.41) d in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (χ2=8.298, Z=2.840, 2.276, 5.325, P <0.01 or 0.05). The total score of RCSQ was (55.23 ± 17.89) points in the experimental group, (51.86±16.45) points in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups(Z=5.654, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in 28-day ICU mortality between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The PAD bundle can decrease the incidence of delirium, the duration of delirium and improve prognosis of the patients with mechanical ventilation.
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Objective To evaluate the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the synaptic plasticity of entorhinal area-hippocampal formation in rats with inflammatory pain.Methods Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-240 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) by using a random number table method:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin group (group R).Inflammatory pain model was established by subcutaneous injection of 50 μl bee venom into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.The equal volume of normal saline was subcutaneously injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw in group C.In group DMSO,2％ DMSO was administered by intragastric gavage for 3 days,1 ml per day,and the inflammatory pain model was established at 1 h after administration on 3rd day.In group R,rapamycin was administered by intragastric gavage for 3 days,1 ml per day,and the inflammatory pain model was established at 1 h after administration on 3rd day.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 2 h after establishing the model.The rats were sacrificed after measurement of the pain threshold,and hippocampi were removed to prepare hippocampal slices.Hippocampal CA1 region and dentate gyrus (DG region) were located with an inverted microscope.Planar microelectrode array technique was used to record the number of channels and the standardized amplitude of evoked effective field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) (fEPSPs amplitude＞20％ of the baseline value) at different stimulus intensities.Results Compared with group C,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,the number of effective fEPSP channels at different stimulus intensities was increased,and the amplitude of standardized fEPSPs in hippocampal DG and CA1 regions was increased in group IP (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group R (P＞0.05).Compared with group IP,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was prolonged,the number of effective fEPSP channels at different stimulus intensities was decreased,and the amplitude of standardized fEPSPs in hippocampal DG and CA1 regions was decreased in group R (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group DMSO (P＞0.05).Conclusion mTOR is involved in the changes in the synaptic plasticity of entorhinal areahippocampal formation in rats with inflammatory pain.
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Calycanthaceae family comprises of four genera including Chimonanthus, Sinocalycanthus, Calycanthus, and Idiospermum. The plants of Calycanthaceae are popular ornamental shrubs and used as foods and medicines, which are mainly distributed in China, North America, and Australia. The plants of Calycanthaceae are rich in volatile components, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes and coumarins. Dimeric piperidinoquinoline and dimeric pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloids, dimeric and/or trimeric coumarins are characteristic compositions in these plants. In order to provide timely reference for further investigation and development of Calycanthaceae plants, we made a systemic review on chemical constituents, i.e. alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, and steroids, from Calycanthaceae plants, focusing on their chemical structures and pharmacological activities.
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Vocal cord leukoplakia is a clinical diagnosis defined as a whitish patch or a plaque on a mucosal surface. Because of the diversity of histopathological types, the complexity and unpredictability risks for malignant transformation, there are still many controversies about its histopathological classification, diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, etiology, pathological classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of vocal cord leukoplakia.
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Objective@#To develop a nursing quality index system for patients with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in ICU.@*Methods@#Based on evidence-based analysis, semi-structured interview, Delphi method and AHP method were adopted to determine the nursing quality indicator and indicators′weight in CRRT.@*Results@#The index system consisted of 8 first-level indicators, 22 second-level indicators, and 51 third-level indicators. After two rounds expert advisory, the effective response rates were 100.0%, 93.3%; authority coefficients were 0.84, 0.86; coefficients of concordance for first-level, second-level, third-level indicators were 0.686, 0.359, 0.196 at first round, and those were 0.688, 0.454, 0.273 at second round, and P values were all less than 0.01.@*Conclusion@#The nursing quality index system are scientific, comprehensive and practical, which can be applied to guarantee the implementation of CRRT treatment and patient safety.
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Objective To investigate Chinese version of the Denver Emergency Department Trauma Organ Failure Score and examine its reliability and validity. Methods The original Denver ED TOF Score was translated into Chinese and back translated and modified for cultural adaptation according to guidelines.A survey using Chinese version of the Denver ED TOF Score was conducted on 313 trauma patients in order to verify its reliability and validity. Results Factor analysis extracted three common factors, which explained 63.327% of variance of the total scale, and each item had high factor loading quantity(>0.4).The item-level content validity index of Chinese Denver ED TOF Score were 0.80 to 1.00. and the scale-level content validity index was 0.93.Its sensitivity was 84.0% and specificity was 81.6% when score of Chinese Denver ED TOF Score was two or more. The area under receiver operator characteristic curve for Chinese Denver ED TOF Score prediction of multiple organ failure was 0.878 (95% CI 0.812-0.944, P<0.01). The Chinese version of Denver ED TOF Score had higher internal consistency, with Cronbach Alpha coefficient 0.738 and intra- class correlation coefficients 0.994. Conclusions The Chinese version of Denver ED TOF Score has a high reliability and validity, which could be used as a tool for predicting and diagnosing development of MOF in adults following trauma.
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Objective To study the correlation between preoperative frailty and short-term prognosis after abdominal surgery, and to explore its predictive value. Methods A total of 156 elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery from July 2017 to December 2017 in Tianjin Third Center Hospital were prospectively observed and classified into non-frail group, pre-frail group and frail group according to the Fried's frailty phenotype before surgery. The postoperative hospital stay and incidence of adverse outcomes were compared among the three groups, and the effect of frailty on the risk prediction model of the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) was analyzed. Results The postoperative hospital stay and the incidence of adverse outcomes in the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression analysis found that preoperative frailty was associated with prolonged postoperative hospital stay (pre-frail incidence rate ratio was 1.428 (95% CI : 1.250-1.974);frail incidence rate ratio was 3.692 (95% CI : 1.282-4.230) .Logistic regression analysis found that preoperative frailty was associated with an increased risk of postoperative adverse outcomes (pre-frail: OR=2.303(95% CI : 1.810-4.127); frail: OR=3.512 (95% CI : 2.054-5.689)). Frailty increased the diagnostic value of the ASA risk prediction model (Z=3.718, P<0.01). Conclusions Frailty of elderly patients is an important predictor of short-term prognosis of abdominal surgery, and it increases the diagnostic value of ASA risk model. The preoperative frailty assessment of elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery is helpful for preoperative clinical decision-making and prognosis evaluation.
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Objective To translate The Pressure Ulcer Risk Primary or Secondary Evaluation Tool (PURPOSE-T) into Chinese,and assess its reliability and validity in Chinese hospitalized patients. Methods The original PURPOSE-T was translated into Chinese and back translated and modified for cultural adaptation according to guidelines.The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of PURPOSE-T were tested in 230 hospitalized patients. Results The Chinese version of PURPOSE-T consists of three parts and contains 25 entries. The inter-rater consistency Kappa coefficient was 0.798, the weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.843. The evaluation results were compared with binary variables with a Kappa coefficient of 0.745. The test-retest reliability Kappa coefficient and the weighted Kappa coefficient were 0.863 and 0.892. Two classified assessment Kappa coefficient was 0.857. The item content validity index ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, and the scale content validity index was 0.98. The phi correlation coefficient of PURPOSE-T and Braden scale was 0.781; the phi correlation coefficient of Waterlow Scale evaluation result was 0.777. The correlation coefficient between Chinese PURPOSE-T items and Braden scale items ranged from 0.605 to 0.877 (P<0.01), and the Waterlow Scale items ranged from 0.599 to 0.887 (P<0.01). Conclusions The Chinese version of PURPOSE-T appears to possess adequate validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency. The newly translated Chinese version of PURPOSE-T may be used to assess the risk of pressure injury in inpatients in China.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics and relationship of cognitive function and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF)in childhood and adolescence-first-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).Methods Twenty-four childhood and adolescence-first-onset OCD patients (patient group) and thirty-three age/gender/education-matched healthy controls (healthy control group) were enrolled in this study.The participants' cognitive function was tested with trail making test (TMT),symbol coding,Hopkins verbal learning test-revised (HVLT-R),brief visuospatial memory test-revised (BVMT-R),verbal fluency test (VF),digital span test,maze test and Stroop test.Then a resting-state fMRI scan was conducted for each participant.Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation approach was used to explore the differences of resting-state brain function between patients and controls,and analyze the significant brain regions by adopting t test.The cognitive functions of patients and healthy control group in the significant brain regions were compared by using Pearson correlation analysis.Results The patient group had lower scores than healthy control group in symbol coding,BVMT-R and digital span test,and the differences were statistically significant [(45.24 ± 10.32)scores vs.(56.85 ± 9.57) scores,(21.94 ± 6.99) scores vs.(30.58 ± 3.92) scores,(64.06 ± 20.00) scores vs.(78.03 ±18.08) scores;t =3.96,4.90,2.50;all P ＜ 0.05].Corrected by Alphasim,patient group showed significantly increased ALFF in the left and fight temporal lobe,left and fight posterior lobe of cerebellum,right middle temporal gyrus,but ALFF decreased in the area of left and right lenticula,left putamen compared with the healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The patients group showed that TMT scores were positively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right temporal lobe (r =0.67),and color scores were positively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right middle temporal gyrus (r =0.53),but colour scores were negatively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right tcmporal lobe (r =-0.54);the healthy control group showed that BVMT-R and digital span test scores were positively correlated with the value of ALFF in the left temporal lobe (r =0.47,0.41),but digital span test scores were negatively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right temporal lobe (r =-0.49),and colour scores were negatively correlated with the value of ALFF in the left temporal lobe (r =-0.35),while word and color-word scores were negatively correlated with the value of ALFF in the right middle temporal gyrus (r =-0.39,-0.36);the correlation coefficient above had statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The childhood and adolescence-first-onset OCD patients had cognitive impairment,including speed of processing,visual learning and memory,working memory;and the patients showed abnormal spontaneous neural activity at some brain regions.The cognitive dysfunction may be associated with abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity in childhood and adolescence-first-onset OCD.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical and pathological features and prognosis of white lesion of vocal cord.@*Methods@#One hundred and fifty-four cases of white lesion of vocal cord from January 2009 to February 2016 were retrospectively analysed. All the patients had undergone the resection of white lesion of vocal cord resection through retaining laryngoscope under general anesthesia with the specimens pathologically examined.@*Results@#There were 148 males and 6 females in this study. The ages ranged from 36 to 83 years, and the median age was 54.5.There were 103(66.88%) long-term smokers, and 64(41.56%) long-term drinkers. Postoperative pathology showed that chronic mucosal inflammation in 19 cases (12.34%), squamous epithelial hyperplasia in 56 cases(36.36%), mild dysplasia in 25 cases(16.23%), moderate dysplasia in 34 cases(22.08%), severe dysplasia in 12 cases(7.79%), carcinoma in situ in 6 cases(3.90%), and invasive carcinoma in 2 cases(1.30%). The recurrence rate and canceration rate of chronic mucosal inflammation were 0. The recurrence rate of squamous epithelial hyperplasia was 10.71%, the canceration rate was 0.The recurrence rate of mild dysplasia was 8.00%, the canceration rate was 0. The recurrence rate of moderate dysplasia was 20.59%, the canceration rate was 8.82%. The recurrence rate of severe dysplasia was 25.00%, the canceration rate was 16.67%.@*Conclusions@#White lesion of vocal cord is a predominantly male disease. Long-term smokering and drinking are one of common causes. The final diagnosis of white lesion of vocal cord relies on the pathology. Closed observation is necessary for theses dysplasia cases. The majority of which are benign, the operation effect is good.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of total flavonoids in Morus alba. METHODS:UV-visible spectrophometry was performed with Al(NO2)3-NaNO2-NaOH color-test at the wavelength of 510 nm with the reference of rutin. RESULTS:The linear range of rutin was 0.031 2-0.156 mg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproduc-ibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 95.7%-101.0%(RSD=2.1%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,sta-ble and reproducible,and can be used for the content determination of total flavonoids in M. alba.
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Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in the development of inflammatory pain in the rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-240 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each) by using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group D),and rapamycin (autophagy inducer) group (group R).Inflammatory pain was produced by injecting 50 μl bee venom into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.In group C,0.9％ normal saline was injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.In group D,2％ DMSO was injected through a gastric tube into the stomach 1 ml per day for 3 consecutive days,and the model was established at 1 h after injection on 3rd day.In group R,rapamycin l0 mg/kg (in 2％ DMSO) was injected through a gastric tube into stomach 1 ml per day for 3 consecutive days,and the model was established at 1 h after injection on 3rd day.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 2 h after the model was established.After measurement of the pain threshold,the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ),Beclin-1 and p62 by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased,the TWL was significantly shortened in IP and D groups,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ,Beclin-1 and p62 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated in IP,D and R groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group IP,the MWT was significantly increased,the TWL was significantly prolonged,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of p62 was significantly down-regulated in group R (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group D (P＞0.05).Conclusion Autophagy disorders are involved in the development of inflammatory pain in the rats.
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Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Mechanically Ventilated Patients (QOL-MV). Methods The English version of QOL-MV was revised and translated into Chinese version. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of QOL-MV was tested in 120 mechanically ventilated patients. Results The Cronbachαcoefficient of the Chinese QOL-MV was 0.904. The item-level content validity index of Chinese QOL-MV were 0.86-1.00 and the scale-level content validity index of Chinese QOL-MV was 0.92. Two factors were extracted by factor analysis and the cumulated variance was 80.18%. The dimensional factor loading of each item was greater than 0.565. The correlation coefficient between the score of Chinese QOL-MV and the Euroqol Group′s 5-domain 3 Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D) and Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) was 0.947 and 0.561 respectively (P<0.01). Conclusions The Chinese version of QOL-MV has been proved to be reliable and valid.It can be used to measure the quality-of-life for mechanically ventilated patients.
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Objective To clone human autoimmune antigen SSA/Ro60 and to purify its expression to provide the material basis for the assisted diagnosis of human autoimmune diseases .Methods The SSA/Ro60 gene was cloned by RT‐PCR and directionally inserted into expression vector pPICZ .The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Pichia SMD1168 .The obtained recombinant protein was identified by SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting .Results The amplified full‐length sequence was about 1 .5 kb in size . The pPICZ‐SSA positive clone produced a 60 × 103 recombinant protein which had natural immunogenicity of human autoimmune antigen SSA/Ro60 by SDS‐PAGE and Western blot .Conclusion Human autoimmune antigen SSA/Ro60 is successfully cloned and expressed ,which lays a foundation for diagnosing autoimmune diseases .
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Objective To evaluate the effects of aerobic combined strength and balance exercise on cognitive function and satisfaction in patients with cognitive impairment no dementia. Methods Four hundred and twenty patients with cognitive impairment no dementia were divided into control group (200 cases) and experimental group (220 cases) by random digits table method. The control group received general health education and rehabilitation training. The experimental group received aerobic combined strength and balance exercise. The patients were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to evaluate their cognition before training, as well as after training. And the patients′satisfaction with the questionnaire was evaluated. Results The total scores of MoCA, scores of name, attention, language, memory and directionafter training were (23.47 ±2.38), (2.77 ±0.42), (5.09 ±0.86), (2.50 ±0.65), (3.42 ±0.68), (5.03 ± 0.10) points in the experimental group, and (21.20±2.55), (2.31±0.76), (4.71±1.10), (2.35±0.70), (2.23±0.81), (4.48±0.96) points in the control group, and there were significant differences, P0.05. The scores of satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group:(49.33 ±1.57) points vs. ( 48.20 ±2.14) points, P<0.01. Conclusion The application of aerobic combined strength and balance exercise could improve the cognitive function and patients′satisfaction.
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Objective To evaluate the role of hippocampal mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in inflammatory pain in rats.Methods Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-240 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each) by using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and rapamycin (inhibitor of mTOR) group (group R).Inflammatory pain was produced by injection of honey bee venom 50 μl into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.While the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.In group D,2％ DMSO was injected through a gastric tube into stomach 1 ml per day lasting for 3 days,and inflammatory pain was produced at 1 h after the last injection on 3rd day.In group R,rapamycin 10 mg/kg (in 2％ DMSO) was injected through a gastric tube into stomach 1 ml per day lasting for 3 days,and inflammatory pain was produced at 1 h after the last injection on 3rd day.At 2 h after the model was established,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured.Rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold,and hippocampal tissues were obtained for detection of the expression of mTOR,phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR),ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) and phosphorylated S6K (p-S6K).Results Compared to group C,the MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,the expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K was up-regulated,and no significant change was found in the expression of mTOR and S6K in IP and DMSO groups,and no significant change was found in group R in the MWT,TWL and expression of p-mTOR,mTOR,p-S6K and S6K.Compared to group IP,no significant change was found in group DMSO in the MWT,TWL and expression of p-mTOR,mTOR,p-S6K and S6K,and the MWT was significantly increased,TWL was prolonged,the expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K was down-regulated,and no significant change was found in the expression of mTOR and S6K in group R.Conclusion Hippocampal mTOR signaling pathways are involved in the development of inflammatory pain in rats.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of clinical antibiotics use special rectification in our hospital. METHODS:100 discharged medical records of typeⅠincision surgery were randomly sampled from our hospital during May in 2010 to Apr. in 2011,May in 2011 to Apr. in 2012,May in 2012 to Apr. in 2013,May in 2013 to Apr. in 2014,totaling 400 records. And then evaluation indicators were analyzed statistically,such as antibiotics use intensity,perioperative DDDs of antibiotics in typeⅠinci-sion surgery,DUI,types of antibiotics during perioperative period,medication time,etc. RESULTS:Since the implementation of clinical antibiotics use special rectification in May 2011,the utilization ratio of antibiotics in typeⅠincision surgery of our hospital decreased from 96% to 33%;DUI decreased from 1.44 to 0.79;while reasonable rate of drug selection increased from 19.8% to 100%,and that of medication time increased from 43.8% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS:Rational medication evaluation indicators in typeⅠincision surgery of our hospital have been improved after the implementation of clinical antibiotics use special rectification.